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Mazur's lemma : ウィキペディア英語版
Mazur's lemma
In mathematics, Mazur's lemma is a result in the theory of Banach spaces. It shows that any weakly convergent sequence in a Banach space has a sequence of convex combinations of its members that converges strongly to the same limit, and is used in the proof of Tonelli's theorem.
==Statement of the lemma==

Let (''X'', || ||) be a Banach space and let (''u''''n'')''n''∈N be a sequence in ''X'' that converges weakly to some ''u''0 in ''X'':
:u_ \rightharpoonup u_ \mbox n \to \infty.
That is, for every continuous linear functional ''f'' in ''X'', the continuous dual space of ''X'',
:f(u_) \to f(u_) \mbox n \to \infty.
Then there exists a function ''N'' : N → N and a sequence of sets of real numbers
:\
such that ''α''(''n'')''k'' ≥ 0 and
:\sum_^ \alpha(n)_ = 1
such that the sequence (''v''''n'')''n''∈N defined by the convex combination
:v_ = \sum_^ \alpha(n)_ u_
converges strongly in ''X'' to ''u''0, i.e.
:\| v_ - u_ \| \to 0 \mbox n \to \infty.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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